\(\int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx\) [90]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 26, antiderivative size = 235 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\frac {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \]

[Out]

x*(b*x^3+a)/b/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2)-1/3*a^(1/3)*(b*x^3+a)*ln(a^(1/3)+b^(1/3)*x)/b^(4/3)/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2)+1/6*
a^(1/3)*(b*x^3+a)*ln(a^(2/3)-a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x+b^(2/3)*x^2)/b^(4/3)/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2)+1/3*a^(1/3)*(b*x^3+a)*
arctan(1/3*(a^(1/3)-2*b^(1/3)*x)/a^(1/3)*3^(1/2))/b^(4/3)*3^(1/2)/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2)

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 235, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.308, Rules used = {1369, 327, 206, 31, 648, 631, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \]

[In]

Int[x^3/Sqrt[a^2 + 2*a*b*x^3 + b^2*x^6],x]

[Out]

(x*(a + b*x^3))/(b*Sqrt[a^2 + 2*a*b*x^3 + b^2*x^6]) + (a^(1/3)*(a + b*x^3)*ArcTan[(a^(1/3) - 2*b^(1/3)*x)/(Sqr
t[3]*a^(1/3))])/(Sqrt[3]*b^(4/3)*Sqrt[a^2 + 2*a*b*x^3 + b^2*x^6]) - (a^(1/3)*(a + b*x^3)*Log[a^(1/3) + b^(1/3)
*x])/(3*b^(4/3)*Sqrt[a^2 + 2*a*b*x^3 + b^2*x^6]) + (a^(1/3)*(a + b*x^3)*Log[a^(2/3) - a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2
/3)*x^2])/(6*b^(4/3)*Sqrt[a^2 + 2*a*b*x^3 + b^2*x^6])

Rule 31

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 206

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2), Int[1/(Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x), x], x] + Di
st[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2), Int[(2*Rt[a, 3] - Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3]^2*x^2), x], x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 210

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^(-1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])
], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 327

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c^(n - 1)*(c*x)^(m - n + 1)*((a + b*x^n
)^(p + 1)/(b*(m + n*p + 1))), x] - Dist[a*c^n*((m - n + 1)/(b*(m + n*p + 1))), Int[(c*x)^(m - n)*(a + b*x^n)^p
, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[m, n - 1] && NeQ[m + n*p + 1, 0] && IntBinomialQ[a, b,
c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 631

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*Simplify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Dist[-2/b, Sub
st[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b)], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] ||  !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /;
FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 642

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rule 648

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c), Int[1/(a +
b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] &
& NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] &&  !NiceSqrtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]

Rule 1369

Int[((d_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_.) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(a + b*x^n + c*x^
(2*n))^FracPart[p]/(c^IntPart[p]*(b/2 + c*x^n)^(2*FracPart[p])), Int[(d*x)^m*(b/2 + c*x^n)^(2*p), x], x] /; Fr
eeQ[{a, b, c, d, m, n, p}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && EqQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IntegerQ[p - 1/2]

Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \int \frac {x^3}{a b+b^2 x^3} \, dx}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a \left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{a b+b^2 x^3} \, dx}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b}+b^{2/3} x} \, dx}{3 b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )\right ) \int \frac {2 \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b}-b^{2/3} x}{a^{2/3} b^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} b x+b^{4/3} x^2} \, dx}{3 b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )\right ) \int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{a} b+2 b^{4/3} x}{a^{2/3} b^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} b x+b^{4/3} x^2} \, dx}{6 b^{7/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a^{2/3} \left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{a^{2/3} b^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} b x+b^{4/3} x^2} \, dx}{2 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{b^{7/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b x^3\right )}{b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 b^{4/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A] (verified)

Time = 1.03 (sec) , antiderivative size = 128, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.54 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \left (6 \sqrt [3]{b} x+2 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a} \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-2 \sqrt [3]{a} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )+\sqrt [3]{a} \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )\right )}{6 b^{4/3} \sqrt {\left (a+b x^3\right )^2}} \]

[In]

Integrate[x^3/Sqrt[a^2 + 2*a*b*x^3 + b^2*x^6],x]

[Out]

((a + b*x^3)*(6*b^(1/3)*x + 2*Sqrt[3]*a^(1/3)*ArcTan[(1 - (2*b^(1/3)*x)/a^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]] - 2*a^(1/3)*Log[a^(1
/3) + b^(1/3)*x] + a^(1/3)*Log[a^(2/3) - a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2/3)*x^2]))/(6*b^(4/3)*Sqrt[(a + b*x^3)^2])

Maple [C] (warning: unable to verify)

Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.

Time = 3.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 74, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.31

method	result	size
risch	\(\frac {x \sqrt {\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}}}{\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right ) b}-\frac {\sqrt {\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}}\, a \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{3} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{2}}\right )}{3 \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right ) b^{2}}\)	\(74\)
default	\(\frac {\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right ) \left (6 x b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (-2 x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right ) \sqrt {3}\, a -2 \ln \left (x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) a +\ln \left (x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) a \right )}{6 \sqrt {\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}}\, b^{2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}\)	\(110\)

[In]

int(x^3/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

x*((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2)/(b*x^3+a)/b-1/3*((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2)/(b*x^3+a)/b^2*a*sum(1/_R^2*ln(x-_R),_R=RootOf(_Z^3*b
+a))

Fricas [A] (verification not implemented)

none

Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 106, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.45 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} b x \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} - \sqrt {3} a}{3 \, a}\right ) - \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) + 2 \, \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left (x - \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) + 6 \, x}{6 \, b} \]

[In]

integrate(x^3/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

1/6*(2*sqrt(3)*(-a/b)^(1/3)*arctan(1/3*(2*sqrt(3)*b*x*(-a/b)^(2/3) - sqrt(3)*a)/a) - (-a/b)^(1/3)*log(x^2 + x*
(-a/b)^(1/3) + (-a/b)^(2/3)) + 2*(-a/b)^(1/3)*log(x - (-a/b)^(1/3)) + 6*x)/b

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{3}}{\sqrt {\left (a + b x^{3}\right )^{2}}}\, dx \]

[In]

integrate(x**3/((b*x**3+a)**2)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral(x**3/sqrt((a + b*x**3)**2), x)

Maxima [A] (verification not implemented)

none

Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 106, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.45 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\frac {x}{b} - \frac {\sqrt {3} a \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{3 \, b^{2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} + \frac {a \log \left (x^{2} - x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, b^{2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} - \frac {a \log \left (x + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 \, b^{2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} \]

[In]

integrate(x^3/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

x/b - 1/3*sqrt(3)*a*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x - (a/b)^(1/3))/(a/b)^(1/3))/(b^2*(a/b)^(2/3)) + 1/6*a*log(x^2 - x*
(a/b)^(1/3) + (a/b)^(2/3))/(b^2*(a/b)^(2/3)) - 1/3*a*log(x + (a/b)^(1/3))/(b^2*(a/b)^(2/3))

Giac [A] (verification not implemented)

none

Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 143, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.61 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\frac {\left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left ({\left | x - \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \right |}\right ) \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}{3 \, b} + \frac {x \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}{b} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right ) \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}{3 \, b^{2}} - \frac {\left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}{6 \, b^{2}} \]

[In]

integrate(x^3/((b*x^3+a)^2)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

1/3*(-a/b)^(1/3)*log(abs(x - (-a/b)^(1/3)))*sgn(b*x^3 + a)/b + x*sgn(b*x^3 + a)/b - 1/3*sqrt(3)*(-a*b^2)^(1/3)
*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + (-a/b)^(1/3))/(-a/b)^(1/3))*sgn(b*x^3 + a)/b^2 - 1/6*(-a*b^2)^(1/3)*log(x^2 + x*(-a
/b)^(1/3) + (-a/b)^(2/3))*sgn(b*x^3 + a)/b^2

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt {{\left (b\,x^3+a\right )}^2}} \,d x \]

[In]

int(x^3/((a + b*x^3)^2)^(1/2),x)

[Out]

int(x^3/((a + b*x^3)^2)^(1/2), x)